diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/firmware-utils')
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/firmware-utils/Makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/firmware-utils/src/jcgimage.c | 392 |
2 files changed, 393 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tools/firmware-utils/Makefile b/tools/firmware-utils/Makefile index 2573d8c..ec814b0 100644 --- a/tools/firmware-utils/Makefile +++ b/tools/firmware-utils/Makefile @@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ define Host/Compile $(call cc,dgn3500sum) $(call cc,edimax_fw_header, -Wall) $(call cc,mkmerakifw sha1, -Wall) + $(call cc,jcgimage, -lz -Wall) endef define Host/Install diff --git a/tools/firmware-utils/src/jcgimage.c b/tools/firmware-utils/src/jcgimage.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c98b0b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/firmware-utils/src/jcgimage.c @@ -0,0 +1,392 @@ +/* + * jcgimage - Create a JCG firmware image + * + * Copyright (C) 2015 Reinhard Max <reinhard@m4x.de> + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + * + */ + +/* + * JCG firmware update images consist of a 512 byte header and a + * modified uImage (details below) as the payload. + * + * The payload is obfuscated by XORing it with a key that is generated + * from parts of the header. Fortunately only non-essential parts of + * the header are used for this and zeroing them results in a zero + * key, effectively disabling the obfuscation and allowing us to use + * clear text payloads. + * + * The mandatory parts of the header are: + * + * - A magic string of "YSZJ" at offset 0. + * - A value of 1 at offset 39 (header format version?) + * - A CRC32 checksum of the payload at offset 504. + * - A CRC32 checksum of the header at offset 508. + * + * An image constructed by these rules will be accepted by JCG's + * U-Boot in resuce mode via TFTP and the payload will be written to + * the flash starting at offset 0x00050000. + * + * JCG's U-Boot does check the content or size of the payload + * image. If it is too large, it wraps around and overwrites U-Boot, + * requiring JTAG to revive the board. To prevent such bricking from + * happening, this tool refuses to build such overlong images. + * + * Two more conditions have to be met for a JCG image to be accepted + * as a valid update by the web interface of the stock firware: + * + * - The bytes at offsets 109 and 111 in the header must be a binary + * representation of the first two components of the firmware + * version as displayed in the update web form, or it will be + * rejected as "incorrect product". + * + * - The payload must start with a valid uImage header whose data + * CRC checksum matches the whole rest of the update file rather + * than just the number of bytes specified in the size field of the + * header. + * + * This last condition is met by JCG's original firmware images, + * because they have both, kernel and rootfs inside the uImage and + * abuse the last four bytes of the name field to record the offset of + * the file system from the start of the uImage header. This tool + * produces such images when called with -k and -r, which are meant to + * repack the original firmware after modifying the file systen, + * e.g. to add debugging tools and enable shell access. + * + * In contrast, OpenWrt sysupgrade images consist of a uImage that + * only contains the kernel and has the rootfs appended to it. Hence, + * the CRC over kernel and file system does not match the one in the + * uImage header. Fixing this by adjusting the uImage header is not + * possible, because it makes the uImage unusable for booting. Instead + * we append four "patch" bytes to the end of the file system, that + * are calculated to force the checksum of kernel+fs to be the same as + * for the kernel alone. + * + */ + +#include <zlib.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <libgen.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <err.h> +#include <time.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> +#include <arpa/inet.h> +#include <assert.h> + +/* + * JCG Firmware image header + */ +#define JH_MAGIC 0x59535a4a /* "YSZJ" */ +struct jcg_header { + uint32_t jh_magic; + uint8_t jh_version[32]; /* Firmware version string. Fill with + zeros to avoid encryption */ + uint32_t jh_type; /* must be 1 */ + uint8_t jh_info[64]; /* Firmware info string. Fill with + zeros to avoid encryption */ + uint32_t jh_time; /* Image creation time in seconds since + * the Epoch. Does not seem to be used + * by the stock firmware. */ + uint16_t jh_major; /* Major fimware version */ + uint16_t jh_minor; /* Minor fimrmware version */ + uint8_t jh_unknown[392]; /* Apparently unused and all zeros */ + uint32_t jh_dcrc; /* CRC checksum of the payload */ + uint32_t jh_hcrc; /* CRC checksum of the header */ +}; + +/* + * JCG uses a modified uImage header that replaces the last four bytes + * of the image name with the length of the kernel in the image. + */ +#define IH_MAGIC 0x27051956 /* Image Magic Number */ +#define IH_NMLEN 28 /* Image Name Length */ + +struct uimage_header { + uint32_t ih_magic; /* Image Header Magic Number */ + uint32_t ih_hcrc; /* Image Header CRC Checksum */ + uint32_t ih_time; /* Image Creation Timestamp */ + uint32_t ih_size; /* Image Data Size */ + uint32_t ih_load; /* Data Load Address */ + uint32_t ih_ep; /* Entry Point Address */ + uint32_t ih_dcrc; /* Image Data CRC Checksum */ + uint8_t ih_os; /* Operating System */ + uint8_t ih_arch; /* CPU architecture */ + uint8_t ih_type; /* Image Type */ + uint8_t ih_comp; /* Compression Type */ + uint8_t ih_name[IH_NMLEN];/* Image Name */ + uint32_t ih_fsoff; /* Offset of the file system partition */ +}; + +/* + * Open the named file and return its size and file descriptor. + * Exit in case of errors. + */ +int +opensize(char *name, size_t *size) +{ + struct stat s; + int fd = open(name, O_RDONLY); + if (fd < 0) { + err(1, "cannot open \"%s\"", name); + } + if (fstat(fd, &s) == -1) { + err(1, "cannot stat \"%s\"", name); + } + *size = s.st_size; + return fd; +} + +/* + * Write the JCG header + */ +void +mkjcgheader(struct jcg_header *h, size_t psize, char *version) +{ + uLong crc; + uint16_t major = 0, minor = 0; + void *payload = (void *)h + sizeof(*h); + + if (version != NULL) { + if (sscanf(version, "%hu.%hu", &major, &minor) != 2) { + err(1, "cannot parse version \"%s\"", version); + } + } + + memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h)); + h->jh_magic = htonl(JH_MAGIC); + h->jh_type = htonl(1); + h->jh_time = htonl(time(NULL)); + h->jh_major = htons(major); + h->jh_minor = htons(minor); + + /* CRC over JCG payload (uImage) */ + crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + crc = crc32(crc, payload, psize); + h->jh_dcrc = htonl(crc); + + /* CRC over JCG header */ + crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + crc = crc32(crc, (void *)h, sizeof(*h)); + h->jh_hcrc = htonl(crc); +} + +/* + * Write the uImage header + */ +void +mkuheader(struct uimage_header *h, size_t ksize, size_t fsize) +{ + uLong crc; + void *payload = (void *)h + sizeof(*h); + + // printf("mkuheader: %p, %zd, %zd\n", h, ksize, fsize); + memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h)); + h->ih_magic = htonl(IH_MAGIC); + h->ih_time = htonl(time(NULL)); + h->ih_size = htonl(ksize + fsize); + h->ih_load = htonl(0x80000000); + h->ih_ep = htonl(0x80292000); + h->ih_os = 0x05; + h->ih_arch = 0x05; + h->ih_type = 0x02; + h->ih_comp = 0x03; + h->ih_fsoff = htonl(sizeof(*h) + ksize); + strcpy((char *)h->ih_name, "Linux Kernel Image"); + + /* CRC over uImage payload (kernel and file system) */ + crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + crc = crc32(crc, payload, ntohl(h->ih_size)); + h->ih_dcrc = htonl(crc); + printf("CRC1: %08lx\n", crc); + + /* CRC over uImage header */ + crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + crc = crc32(crc, (void *)h, sizeof(*h)); + h->ih_hcrc = htonl(crc); + printf("CRC2: %08lx\n", crc); +} + +/* + * Calculate a "patch" value and write it into the last four bytes of + * buf, so that the CRC32 checksum of the whole buffer is dcrc. + * + * Based on: SAR-PR-2006-05: Reversing CRC – Theory and Practice. + * Martin Stigge, Henryk Plötz, Wolf Müller, Jens-Peter Redlich. + * http://sar.informatik.hu-berlin.de/research/publications/#SAR-PR-2006-05 + */ +void +craftcrc(uint32_t dcrc, uint8_t *buf, size_t len) +{ + int i; + uint32_t a; + uint32_t patch = 0; + uint32_t crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + + a = ~dcrc; + for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { + if (patch & 1) { + patch = (patch >> 1) ^ 0xedb88320L; + } else { + patch >>= 1; + } + if (a & 1) { + patch ^= 0x5b358fd3L; + } + a >>= 1; + } + patch ^= ~crc32(crc, buf, len - 4); + for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { + buf[len - 4 + i] = patch & 0xff; + patch >>= 8; + } + /* Verify that we actually get the desired result */ + crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0); + crc = crc32(crc, buf, len); + if (crc != dcrc) { + errx(1, "CRC patching is broken: wanted %08x, but got %08x.", dcrc, crc); + } +} + +void +usage() { + fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\n" + " jcgimage -o outputfile -u uImage [-v version]\n" + " jcgimage -o outputfile -k kernel -f rootfs [-v version]\n"); + exit(1); +} + +#define MODE_UNKNOWN 0 +#define MODE_UIMAGE 1 +#define MODE_KR 2 + +/* The output image must not be larger than 4MiB - 5*64kiB */ +#define MAXSIZE (size_t)(4 * 1024 * 1024 - 5 * 64 * 1024) + +int +main(int argc, char **argv) +{ + struct jcg_header *jh; + struct uimage_header *uh; + int c; + char *imagefile = NULL; + char *file1 = NULL; + char *file2 = NULL; + char *version = NULL; + int mode = MODE_UNKNOWN; + int fdo, fd1, fd2; + size_t size1, size2, sizeu, sizeo, off1, off2; + void *map; + + /* Make sure the headers have the right size */ + assert(sizeof(struct jcg_header) == 512); + assert(sizeof(struct uimage_header) == 64); + + while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "o:k:f:u:v:h")) != -1) { + switch (c) { + case 'o': + imagefile = optarg; + break; + case 'k': + if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) + errx(1,"-k cannot be combined with -u"); + mode = MODE_KR; + file1 = optarg; + break; + case 'f': + if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) + errx(1,"-f cannot be combined with -u"); + mode = MODE_KR; + file2 = optarg; + break; + case 'u': + if (mode == MODE_KR) + errx(1,"-u cannot be combined with -k and -r"); + mode = MODE_UIMAGE; + file1 = optarg; + break; + case 'v': + version = optarg; + break; + case 'h': + default: + usage(); + } + } + if (optind != argc) { + errx(1, "illegal arg \"%s\"", argv[optind]); + } + if (imagefile == NULL) { + errx(1, "no output file specified"); + } + if (mode == MODE_UNKNOWN) + errx(1, "specify either -u or -k and -r"); + if (mode == MODE_KR) { + if (file1 == NULL || file2 == NULL) + errx(1,"need -k and -r"); + fd2 = opensize(file2, &size2); + } + fd1 = opensize(file1, &size1); + if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) { + off1 = sizeof(*jh); + sizeu = size1 + 4; + sizeo = sizeof(*jh) + sizeu; + } else { + off1 = sizeof(*jh) + sizeof(*uh); + off2 = sizeof(*jh) + sizeof(*uh) + size1; + sizeu = sizeof(*uh) + size1 + size2; + sizeo = sizeof(*jh) + sizeu; + } + + if (sizeo > MAXSIZE) + errx(1,"payload too large: %zd > %zd\n", sizeo, MAXSIZE); + + fdo = open(imagefile, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 00644); + if (fdo < 0) + err(1, "cannot open \"%s\"", imagefile); + + if (ftruncate(fdo, sizeo) == -1) { + err(1, "cannot grow \"%s\" to %zd bytes", imagefile, sizeo); + } + map = mmap(NULL, sizeo, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fdo, 0); + uh = map + sizeof(*jh); + if (map == MAP_FAILED) { + err(1, "cannot mmap \"%s\"", imagefile); + } + + if (read(fd1, map + off1, size1) != size1) + err(1, "cannot copy %s", file1); + + if (mode == MODE_KR) { + if (read(fd2, map+off2, size2) != size2) + err(1, "cannot copy %s", file2); + mkuheader(uh, size1, size2); + } else if (mode == MODE_UIMAGE) { + craftcrc(ntohl(uh->ih_dcrc), (void*)uh + sizeof(*uh), + sizeu - sizeof(*uh)); + } + mkjcgheader(map, sizeu, version); + munmap(map, sizeo); + close(fdo); + return 0; +} + |